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4 (a) That's probably correct. Currently, Australian law takes a fairly strict approach to causation. A plaintiff must be able to prove that the defendant's act or failure to act contributed materially to the harm. It is not enough for a plaintiff to prove that the defendant's conduct increased the risk or probability of harm, or that the harm actually occurred, because those things do not satisfy the requirement of a causal link between the conduct and the harm.

This rule can give rise to hard cases, and some judges have suggested a less demanding approach, but their views have not gained majority support.

McGhee v National Coal Board [1972] 3 All ER 1008.

In the present case, it is probable that the increased risk of sudden death from eating the toxic chemicals materially contributed to A's death, and therefore B would still be liable.